The Damanghor gold mineralization occurrence is located in north of Bardaskan, Khorasan Razavi Province, and Taknar zone. The geology of the area consists of Precambrian green sericite schist and metarhyolite, intruded by diabase. Mineralization in this area is in vein form with N50E stribe and 70NW dip and hosted by schist and metarhyolite with 300 meters length and 2 to 35 meters width. Disseminated and veinlet mineralization includes primary minerals of pyrite and chalcopyrite and secondary minerals such as covelit, malachite, azureite, hematite, goethite and limonite with quartz, sericite, and lesser clay minerals. Silicic-sericitic alteration is the most important alteration zone associated with mineralization. Based on rock samples taken from explorative trenches, gold anomalies range from 0. 3 to 12. 5 ppm, silver up to 30 ppm, copper up to 860 ppm, and zinc about 9252 ppm. Based on the evidence of host rock, the type and extent of alteration, structural control, shape and type of mineralization and primary minerals and geochemical anomalies, the occurrence of Damanghor gold mineralization is epithermal with intermediate sulfidation state that is related to hydrothremal derived from Cenozoic magmatic activities.

Tungsten (Cu-Au-Zn) deposits and occurrences in Iran can be divided into two separate categories based on their genesis, tectonic setting, mineral par agenesis and related processes inherent in their formation. The first category contains deposits, which are located in metamorphosed Late Triassic-Middle Jurassic volcano-sedimentary sequences, and their distribution is indicated by layering. These deposits are located in a specific stratigraphic position and are concentrated in contact of volcanic units with carbonate rocks. The geodynamic setting of this category probably is intracontinental rifting. The second category contains deposits located in metamorphosed sedimentary rocks of the Shemshak group and Jurassic granitoids. These deposits have vein-veinlet geometry and their formation is controlled by faults, fractures and shear zones. The geodynamic setting of this category probably is active continental margins. The mineral paragenesis of the first group generally contains scheelite and Cu-Fe-Zn sulfides, whereas the paragenesis of the second group is wolframite, scheelite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, with gold and specifically bismuth.

Zavarian gold occurrence formed within andesitic volcanic units in northwestern Iran. The volcanic complex is in fact a part of magmatism related to Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic belt crosscutting northwestern rim of Central-Iran zone. This system is a part of the volcanic-sedimentary sequence of the Qom Basin that is formed as an intercontinental stratovolcane in a tension environment. Gold has the highest correlation with Mo, Bi, As, Sb, Ag, Cd and Cu which indicates relationship mineralization with magmatic fluids and role of bi-sulfide complexes in gold transport. Hydrothermal alteration in this area is most in the vicinity and within intrusions, and along fractures with NE-SE trending and have more intense around siliceous zones. The activity of hydrothermal system starts by alterations related to the subvolcanic intrusive, and creates the first mineralization phase by oxid-silicic alteration along the fractures. This mineralization phase continued by hydrothermal breccia with tourmaline and copper sulfide, and finally finished with high sulfide mineralization and deposition of gold mineralization in the cavities and fractures. Therefore, Characteristics of this mineralization indicate that it is most similar to epithermal related to subvolcanic deposits.

The mineralization of Cu (Au-Ag) NE Narbaghi is located in the middle part of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc, adjacent to the Kuh-Pang and Narbaghi Cu deposits. The main rock units include Eocene volcano-sedimentary rocks and subvolcanic Oligo-miocene that their location is related to strike-slip faults in shallow sedimentary basins. Hydrothermal alteration includes silicification, argillic (intermediate-rarely advanced), propylitic, sericitic, carbonatization and sulfidization. Mineralization is directly related to fractures and relatively long veins (<400 with average width of 1m) with breccia, disseminate and vein-veinlet textures. These veins often include quartz, sericite, siderite and chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, pyrite, covelite and rarely sulfosalts such as tennantite and tetrahedrite. This system starts with different types of alteration in the form of white–quartz veins and continues with hydrothermal breccia and infiltration of siliceous-sulfide fluids. Copper has the highest correlations with zinc, silver, arsenic and gold. Mineralization forms at 240-145° C and salinity of 20 to 30 wt.% NaCl. The coexistence of liquid-rich two-phase fluids and single-phase vapor refers to the boiling process and the reduction of temperature and pressure drop. Accordingly, this system provides evidence of intermediate sulfidation epithelial systems in the magmatic arc. The magmatic fluid in the presence of permeable structures and mixing with peripheral fluids is probable cause copper-gold precipitation together with siderite.

The studied area is located in the southeastern end of the Sahand- Bazman Magmatic Belt in the north of Bazman volcano. This area composed of Miocene volcanic rocks including andesitic to dacitic lavas along with tuffaceous sandstone, ignimbrite, agglomerate, tuff and siltstone that underwent propyilitic, argillic, sericitic, carbonatic and silicified alterations. Predominant form of the mineralization is silica veins and hydrothermal breccia, which crop out within the alteration zones. The textures within the silica veins include coliform, vuggy, stratiform, banded and hydrothermal breccias. The results of sample analysis demonstrate that hydrothermal breccias have the highest grades of Au (up to 27.6 ppm), and the silica veins with banded texture and fine grained sulfide bearing silica veins are other important Au- bearing mineralization in the next orders. The geochemical investigations demonstrate good positive correlation between Au and Ag, Sb, As, Pb, Zn, Mo, Bi and Hg in the Au- bearing silica veins. The fluid inclusion studies on silica veins with banded texture indicate that the salinity of fluids is 1.22-7.77 W% NaCl, and homogenization temperature is 190-296oC. Based on the field evidences along with mineralogy, textures and structures of silica veins, geochemical and fluid inclusion investigations, the Au mineralization in the north of Bazman can be classified as low sulfidation epithermal gold deposits.

Jalambadan mineralization is located in northwest of Sabzevar, Khorasan Razavi Province, and in the southwestern Quchan-Sabzevar magmatic arc. Geology of the area consists of Eocene andesitic to trachyandesitic volcanic rocks, which are intruded by monzodioritic to dioritic subvolcanic units. Mineralization occurs in intrusive rocks and surrounded volcanic units as disseminated. Pyrite is the main primary mineral and malachite, hematite, goethite, and limonite are the secondary minerals. Well alteration developed in this area and the mineralogy of them consist of quartz, sericite, kaolinite, chlorite, epidote, and calcite. Gold anomaly is between 0. 018 to up to 2 ppm and copper content is maximum 509 ppm, especially at eastern half of the area. Monzodioritic to dioritic intrusive rocks had major role in mineralization. The texture of intrusions is porphyry and plagioclase, pyroxene, and hornblende are the common minerals. Geochemically, the intrusions are calc-alkaline I-type granitoids, which are formed in subduction zone from partial melting (7 to 15%) of spinel lherzolite. Based on tectonic setting, geology, type and development of alteration and mineralization, and geochemical anomaly, Jalmbadan occurrence is porphyry Au± Cu mineralization.

This studied area is located in north east terminal of central Iran zone in the south part of Sabzevar zone and geologically is located in north magmatic arc of Doruneh fault. It is necessary to mention that the studied area, tectonically is effected by two fault behaviors, Doruneh fault in the south and Rivash fault in the north which are the most effective factors in constructing formations of fault and also high mineral potential in this area. Lithology of this area consists of volcanoclastic rock-units of lower Eocene age. On the basin of petrography and field observation the rock-units consisted of latiteandesites, trachyandesites to trachybasalts, rhyolits, agglomerates, tuff and shale intercalations. The wide spread alteration of the area include propylitic, argillic and sericitic facies. Now, considering to high sulfidations epithermal mineralization and dependent alteration, particularly progressive argillic and alunitization existing mixing in the area, production (originating) of gold in Cheshmeh Noghreh can be justified.

The Namegh area is located in northeastern Kashmar, Khorasan Razavi province, and central part of the Khaf-Kashmar-Bardaskan magmatic belt. The area is covered by Eocene volcanic rocks having andesite to rhyolite compositions, which are intruded by subvolcanic intrusions having monzonite, monzodiorite, and diorite compositions. All theseunits are affected by well development alteration, which are silicifiedsericitic, moderate argillic, and propylitic alteration zones. Mineralization is occurred as stockworck and disseminated. The primary minerals include chalcopyrite, pyrite, magnetite, and gold. The secondary minerals aregoethite, hematite, malachite, and azurite. High anomaly of Cu (up to 1%) and Au (up to 12 ppm) are correlated with strong silicified-sericitic alteration. Based on fluid inclusion studies, formation temperature of mineralization was between 404 to 551 º C and it occurred by NaCl-, and CaCl2-bearing fluid with 16 to 23 wt. % NaCl equivalent salinity. Decrease of temperature and HCl activity during boiling and decrease of temperature due to mixing of magmatic and meteoric fluids could be the most important factors for mineralization. Evidence of tectonic setting, lithology, development and types of alteration, mineralization form and limited outcrops, types of ore minerals, geochemical anomalies, types of fluid inclusions, and temperature and salinity of fluid indicate that the mineralization of Namegh is probably upper level of a porphyry Cu-Au deposit. The Khaf-Kashmar-Bardaskan belt can be one of the most important porphyry deposits metallogenic zones of Iran due to tectonic setting and magmatic-mineralization evidence, which needs detailed exploration in the future.

Introduction: Kuh Zar Au-Cu deposit is located in the central part of the Torud-Chah Shirin Volcanic-Plutonic Belt, 100 km southeast of the city of Damghan.Mineralization including quartz-base metal veins are common throughout this Cenozoic volcanoplutonic belt (Liaghat et al., 2008; Mehrabi and Ghasemi Siani, 2010). …

Tungsten (Cu-Au) mineralization of Southern Chah Palang (SCP) deposit, located in middle part of the Yazd block, occurred as vein-veinlet in normal fault zones, which cut the sandstones and shales of Early-Middle Jurassic Shemshak formation. Based on the mineral paragenesis and quartz type, color and texture, ore-bearing veins can be divided into 1) k-feldspar, apatite (I) bearing milky-white quartz veins, 2) white quartz veins contain apatite (II), 3) hematite- white quartz veins and 4) late carbonate veins. Wolframite is the main tungsten ore mineral in the SCP deposit, which occurred in type 1 vein. Wolframite crystals are riched in Fe and have ferberite composition. Scheelite, as next tungsten ore mineral in SCP deposit, formed in 2nd generation and show significant enrichment in As. Scheelite (I) coexist with Wolframite in type 1 veins, and Scheelite (II) replace wolframite in its fractures and rims, also with arsenic-bearing phases occurred in type 2 veins. Gold in SCP deposit occurred as coexist with and/or fine inclusions in Scheelite (II). Other ore minerals that formed in type 2 veins include base metals and Fe sulfides, cobaltite, niccolite, Cu-Ni-Fe sulfides and native bismuth. Type 3 and 4 veins are white quartz-hematite and barren carbonate veins. δ18 O of ore-forming fluids, which milky-white and white quartz and wolframite formed from them are 7.91-8.61‰, 5.86-6.76‰ and 3.44-6.94‰ respectively. Based on the oxygen isotope studies, progressive mixing of original magmatic fluids with meteoric waters cause precipitation of metals in veins.